The age structure of a population is determined by the number of organisms of a particular age in the population. The ratio of the number of different age

The population has “biological characteristics” that it shares with all its constituent organisms (it also grows, differentiates, that is, it is subdivided into smaller subgroups, changes along with

A population is a collection of organisms of one species, capable of self-reproduction, more or less isolated in space and time from other populations of the same species.

Competition in nature Competition (- -) is any relationship between populations of two (or more) species that adversely affects their growth and survival. In a general sense, the

In nature, very often there are relationships in which one of the organisms benefits, the other is oppressed (+ -). There are two types of such relationships: predation

Symbiotic relationship (+ +) – mutually beneficial cohabitation of organisms of different species. Such relationships are characteristic of species with very different needs, where they successfully complement each

Types of ecological relationships Living organisms constantly interact with each other. Interactions between organisms, as well as their influence on living conditions, are a combination of biotic environmental

The habitat of an organism is the place where it lives. Example: cuckoo flax moss grows in a damp forest, and feather grass grows in the steppe. The

Adaptation is the process and result of adaptation of organisms to environmental conditions (to the effects of environmental factors). Morphological adaptations – features of the external structure of

The German scientist Justut Liebig found that the productivity of cultivated plants primarily depends on the nutrient or mineral element that is present in the soil in the