Comparison of allotropic modifications of oxygen (oxygen and ozone)
November 13, 2020 | Education
| Comparison criteria | Oxygen O2 | Ozone O3 | |
Common signs | |||
1. Physical properties | Gases under normal conditions | ||
2. Belonging to a certain class of substances | Simple substances that are formed by the same element – oxygen, that is, are its allotropic modifications | ||
3. Chemical properties | Strong oxidants | ||
Signs of difference | |||
1. Physical properties | Gas is colorless and odorless, liquid – has a blue color, solid – blue crystals. Let’s slightly dissolve in water. Does not block ultraviolet rays | Blue gas with a pungent odor. It dissolves in water 10 times better than oxygen. Retards ultraviolet rays | |
2. Biological properties | Not poisonous. Not bacteriocidal. A substance necessary for the respiration of aerobic organisms | Severely irritating to eyes and respiratory tract. Poisonous in high concentrations. Bacteriociden | |
3. Chemical properties | Strong oxidizing agent. Interacts with all metals except platinum, and non-metals, except for halogens (their compounds are obtained indirectly). Reacts with complex substances, forming, as a rule, oxides of those elements from which the complex substance is built | An even stronger oxidizing agent than oxygen, so reactions involving ozone proceed at high rates. More vigorously oxidizes almost all simple substances (including Au and Pt) and many complex substances | |
4. Being in nature | In air: 21% by volume and 23.15% by mass. Dissolved in water, part of the soil | Content in the air: in summer – up to 7 · 10-9% (by volume), in winter – up to 2 · 10-10%.
In the atmosphere, the maximum concentration is at an altitude of 20-25 km, where ozone forms a layer that protects the Earth from UV radiation |
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5. Receiving | Fractional distillation of liquid air and electrolysis of water in the presence of NaOH or H2SO4 | Under the influence of electrical discharges or UV radiation on air oxygen | |
6. Application | A substance required for breathing and burning | Water disinfection, tissue bleaching, food deodorization |
