Describe the methods of speciation. What is common between them? What are the differences?

Allopatric speciation occurs in the presence of geographical isolation, when the populations are separated by large distances or geographical obstacles. The resulting geographic races and subspecies have ranges that do not overlap with the maternal range. Sympatric speciation occurs in the presence of biological isolation, when populations are within the maternal range, but cannot be crossed due to biological differences between their individuals.

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