Highlight the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (make a table)
| April 29, 2020 | Education
The difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Eukaryotes are mainly multicellular organisms that multiply through mitosis and meiosis. Prokaryotes are unicellular, multiply in two.
Prokaryotic DNA is freely located in the cytoplasm and has the shape of a ring. Eukaryotes have a nucleus, where linear DNA is located.
The size of the eukaryotic cell is significantly larger than the size of the prokaryotic cell, while eukaryotes are characterized by the presence of phagocytosis, which contributes to adequate cell nutrition.
| Sign | Prokaryotes | Eukaryotes |
| Cell sizes | The average diameter of 0.5-10 microns | The average diameter of 10-100 microns |
| Organization of genetic material | ||
| The shape, number and location of DNA molecules | Usually there is one ring DNA molecule located in the cytoplasm | Usually there are several linear DNA molecules – chromosomes localized in the nucleus |
| DNA compaction | In bacteria, DNA is compacted without the participation of histones [5]. In archaea, DNA is associated with histone proteins [6] | There is chromatin: DNA is compacted in complex with proteins by histones [5]. |
| Genome organization | Bacteria have an economical genome: there are no introns and large non-coding regions [7]. Genes are combined into operons [5]. Archaea have intron sections of a special structure [8]. | For the most part, the genome is not economical: there is exon-intron organization of genes, large sections of non-coding DNA [7] Genes are not combined into operons [5]. |
| Division | ||
| Division type | Simple binary division | Meiosis or mitosis |
| Spindle formation | Spindle division is not formed | Spindle division formed |
| Organelles | ||
| Ribosome type | 70S ribosomes | 80S ribosomes |
| The presence of membrane organelles | There are no organelles surrounded by membranes, sometimes the plasmalemma forms a protrusion inside the cell | There are a large number of single-membrane and double-membrane organelles. |
| Flagellum Type | Flagellum simple, microtubule free, not surrounded by a membrane, diameter about 20 nm | Flagella consist of microtubules arranged according to the 9 + 2 principle, surrounded by a plasma membrane, diameter about 200 nm |
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