Plant breeding In plant breeding, the most widely used methods are mutagenesis, mass selection, intraspecific hybridization (inbreeding and outbreeding), distant hybridization, and polyploidy. To increase the diversity of
Breeding is the science of methods for creating new and improving existing animal breeds, plant varieties and microbial strains. The tasks of modern breeding: increasing the productivity of
According to the change in the genetic material, three groups of mutations are distinguished: gene, chromosomal and genomic. Gene mutations Gene, or point (point), are called mutations resulting
The term “mutation” was proposed by the Dutch scientist G. de Vries in 1901. Mutations are abrupt, persistent, sudden changes in genetic material that are inherited. Properties of
The X and Y chromosomes differ in shape, size, and genetic makeup. The X chromosome refers to large chromosomes with a large number of genes. The Y chromosome
Pleiotropy (pleiotropy) is a multiple action of a gene; a type of inheritance in which one gene determines the manifestation of several traits. Most genes have been found
Many quantitative and some qualitative characteristics in living organisms are determined not by one, but by several pairs of interacting genes. In this case, the more dominant genes
Chromosomal theory of heredity Based on the experiments carried out, T. Morgan formulated the law of linked inheritance. Genes located on the same chromosome are inherited together, forming
