Political relations of India in the Middle Ages

– The periods of centralization were short-lived.
The main unifying force is not the state power, but the rural community (it covered a large territory and united farmers and artisans, merchants and usurers):
● full-fledged community members (landowners);
● incompetent (bankrupt landowners, newcomers): renting land or working as farm laborers;
– The life of the community was led by the council;
– The community paid tax to the state (1/6 of the harvest).