The mechanism of the visual analyzer

Light rays reflected from objects pass through the cornea, wet chambers, lens and vitreous humor. All these elements make up the optical system of the eye, which forms a reduced inverted image of an object on the retina and provides the sharpness of this image:

• cornea – refracts light rays;
• the fluid of the anterior and posterior chambers – refracts the rays;
• iris – adjusts the brightness of light by changing the diameter of the pupil;
• lens – refracts rays, focuses, reduces and flips the image;
• vitreous – refracts rays.

In the retina, light rays hit the rods and cones, in which nerve impulses arise. Through the optic nerve, nerve impulses enter the visual area of ​​the cerebral cortex (located in the occipital lobe). There, the analysis of information takes place, the picture “turns over”, and we perceive the natural image of the object.