They say that Frederick II Staufen managed to return Jerusalem to Christians peacefully – without a crusade. Is this true?

They say that Frederick II Staufen managed to return Jerusalem to Christians peacefully – without a crusade. Is this true? If so, how did he achieve this? Why did other Europeans fail (neither before nor after)?

Frederick II Staufen was a wonderful diplomat, he knew Muslim culture very well, and spoke fluent Arabic. He made friends with the Sultan of Egypt Kemal, and he “presented” Jerusalem to Frederick II, which was threatened by the Turks from the east.

Remember: The process of learning a person lasts a lifetime. The value of the same knowledge for different people may be different, it is determined by their individual characteristics and needs. Therefore, knowledge is always needed at any age and position.