What is genetic engineering? What are the main tools for genetic engineering?
Genetic (genetic) engineering is a branch of molecular biology related to the isolation of genes from the cells of living organisms, the implementation of various manipulations with them (including the creation of hybrid DNA molecules) and their introduction into other organisms.
The main tools of genetic engineering are enzymes and vectors. Using a set of special enzymes, it is possible to cut DNA and RNA molecules in specific areas, isolate the necessary fragments from them, copy these fragments, and cross-link with each other.
Vectors are used to deliver foreign genes to cells of various organisms. Vectors are special DNA molecules that are able to independently replicate in cells and provide for the reproduction (cloning) and work (expression) of artificially inserted genes in them.
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